Universal grinding-machine.



H. B. NICHOLS.

UNIVERSAL GRINDING MACHINE.

APPLIGATION FILED sBPT.5,19o.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

Patented Dec. 28

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H. B. NICHOLS.

UNIVERSAL GRINDING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 5, 1909.

Patented Dec.28, 1909;

8 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Wlfmaw @I H. B. BUCHOLS.

UNIVERSAL GRNDING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 5, 1908.

Patente@ Des. 28, i909.

a SHEETS-SHEET H. B. NICHOLS. UNIVERSAL 'GRINDING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 5, 1908.

Patented Dec.28, 1909.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

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H. B. NICHOLS.

UNIVERSAL GRINDING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 5, 1908.

QIAFQQ y Patented Dec. 28, i909.,

8 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

H. B. NICHOLS.

UNIVERSAL GRINDING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 5, 1908.

Patented Deo. 28, 1909.

8 SHEETS-SHEBT 6.

maf/15.565.-

H. B. NICHOLS.

UNIVERSAL GRINDING MACHINE.

APPLICATION IILEIISEPT.5,1908. 44,902, Patented Dec. 28, 1909.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 7.

i E a a H. NICHOLS.

UNIVERSAL GRINDING MACHINE.

APPLICATION PILED SEPT. 5, 1908.

944,902. Patented 1m28, 1909.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 8.

UNITED sTATEs HENRY B. NICHOLS, 0E PHILADELPHIA, IiENNsYLv-NI;

UNIVERSAL GnINnING-MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dee. 2s, i909.

Apncation mea september 5,1908. serial Nq. 451,875.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY B. NICHOLS, a citizen ofthe United States,residing at Philadelphia, in the county of'Philadelphia and State ofPennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inUniversel Grinding-Machines, of which the following is a specification,reference being had therein to the accompanying drawing.

My invention relates'to metal working machinery and especiallytogrinding machines. It has for its object the. provision of improvedmeans for accurately grinding plane surfaces with particular referenceto the surfaces of railway rails.

The standard type of railway rails now in common use has head and footflanges with a connecting web, constituting in effect, a girder. Theserails are rolled and the eX- act form and dimensions of their severalparts are subject to many variations. For

example, a cross section of theordinary Isteam railway rail shows aplain T inverted,

with a'solnewhat thickened head. The com`- 'monest form of traction railfor urban lines shows either a grooved head or la lateral flangeextending out just below the head to form a channel with inclined faces.In either case the actual rolling surfacefor` the wheel treads is uponthe to of the rail head, so it becomes a matter o considerableimportance vto have theseheads truly alined upon their upper surfaces.This can only be done, hogvever, by absolute uniformity at the railends, and accuracy of fitting in the joints. l

Disregarding" welded joints Whichare no longer considered within thescope of the best practice, and also disregarding various impracticablescheines which have been proposed from time to time for joining railendsby means of lugs or the like formed on the rails themselves, all'commercial types of rail joints employ some form of fish plate or itsequivalent. The fish plate' is adjusted upon the rail with inclinedflanges along its upper and lower edges resting against correspondinginclined surfaces on the lower side of the rail head and the upper sideofthe foot flange' The alinement of two conjoined rail ends is thereforebased upon and determined by the accuracy of surfacing of these faces.The angles of the surfaces also constitute a factor, because in drawinup the fish plates, a slight variation in ang e would i raise or lowerthe rail a perceptible amount,

. to thedetriment of the joint. The thickness of the rail foot isa'secondary matter, but it will be observed from what has already beensaid that the thickness, that is to say.

the depth, of the rail head, must be absolute Y and invariable in orderlto secure results. Moreover, thedistance between the op osed and.adjacent surfaces of the head .an foot must be constant, as `well astheir relative.

angles, for reasons already stated;

It will be noted that in any machine intended for surfacing the head andfoot flanges, several important requirements `mustv or grinding tool. Inthe third place, since there are angles to be considered andlateral aswell as longitudinal feed is involved, there must be opposite angular aswell as parallel adjustments, and as a corollary to this, the

adjustments niustbe adapted to the moving parts or'tools, since the mainfeed is linear.

In meeting all the foregoing requirements, I have not only attained Ytheobj ect of my invention, but have produced what may fairly be called auniversal grinding machine,- useful for many other purposesthanggrinding rails, and I therefore present it herein as such,intending that the descriptive matterl and p illustrations furnished inthe. present case shall be used for purposes of definition and not oflimitation, and that the claims appended hereto shall be construed witha scope commensurate to the breadth of-my attainment. This beingunderstood, I shall hereinafter for convenience refer principally torail indin Brie y state this embodiment of my invention comprises thefollowing principal features: (l) a bed or work support with asuperposed frame carrying a palr of oppositely disposed grinding orcutting tools, each on its own spindle, and mechanism to producerelative feed between the work and the tools; (2) means for caliperingthe wheels instead of -the work during operation; (3) mechanism forchanging the angle of one or more of the wheels, and for adjusting thesame laterallyin proper relation to the work.

as determined by the automatic calipers; (4) a special grindingwheelhaving graphite inserts for calipering purposes; and (5) a method ofproducing such a wheel.

The rail to be ground is supported on a bed plate which may be similarto and have a somewhat similar feedy to that of the ordinary planer.Supported above this bed is a frame carrying a pair of inclinedtransverse spindles with their inner ends contiguous to each other andcarrying the grinding wheels.. These two spindles are driven from aboveby means of intermediate pulleys and belts, and are journaled in bracketbearings having a rocking adjustment ordinarily set in an intermediateposition so as to halve the twist of the belts when moving the wheelsthrough y a full angle in either direction. The grinding wheels haveannular inserts of a graphite composition in their faces, the same being.worn away uniformly with the adjacent surfaces of the wheels as thegrindingl progresses. Upon these graphite rings rest hardened steelfriction rollers carried on the 'ends of automatic calipering leverspivot/ed on the frame, whose opposite ends control electrical contactsin a pair of feed circuits whichk by means of magnetically actuated'ratchets and pawls, can move the wheels alon the lines of theirrespective axes, the

usua adjustment being of courseanadvance by reason of the continuouswearing away of the wheel surface.

My invention is illustrated as to one embodiment in the accompanyingdrawings, which show a universal grinding machine,

, and in which,

Figure l is an end view partly in section. Fig. 2 is an opposite endview, with parts removed. Fig. 3 is a side view looking in the directionof the arrow in Fig. l, and Fig. 4 is a plan view. Fig. 5 is a side viewof wheel and bracket detached from the ma- 45 .china Fig. 6 is a sideview of the complete machine showing pedestal and bridge, with partsmounted thereon. Fig. 7 is an end elevation of the same. Figs. 8 and 9are detail figures showing a caliper with other parts removed. l

It has already been stated that the principles involved in thisinvention are `capable of embodiment in divers forms, and suchembodiments are applicable to diversv purposes. I believe the -idea ofautomatic calimany cases. It has come to be recognized thatv a surfacecan be ground for a finish --with great accuracy', and the rough cutstaken off as well, and in fact that the grinding wheel is neither morenor less than a cutting toolwhich under normal conditions jof'speed andpressure makes a great number of small cuts and produces correspondinglysmall chips. j

In all precisionV workwhere a grinding cutter is employed, compensation.must be provided for the wear on the grinding body. 'This is'- theprime source of inaccuracy in grinding processes, and to correct it, theordinary manual adjustment is both'clunisy and ineflicient To reduce thebest results, the cut 'must be uniformly jand continuously regulated,and the means for doing this are applicable to many other forms of metalworking'` machine and cutting tools than those which I shall'nowdescribe.

This grinding machine is built in genera somewhat after the fashion ofthe ordinary planer, land it may either have a recipro'ruting bed, or atraveling tool support or bridge, preferably the former. The frame andother general features of the machine are omitted from the drawings forsimplicity, and because they form no direct part ofthe presentinvention. rihe bed of the machine is crossed by a superposed bridgecarrying a frame for the grinding wheels and thelr associated parts; andbetween the bed and this frame'a `reciprocating longitudinal feed isprovided, which may be ot' the ordinary screw and traveler'v type orsuch other as maybe found'desirable.l In the Specific form illustrated,the bed plate carries a rail support, the former being marked l and thelatter' 2. rlhe plate and support reciprocate beneath the superposedframe 8,- upon which are mounted a pair of grinding wheels land 5. Therail 6 lies upon the support 2, which is shaped so as to fit into theangle of the tram and web, the latter bcing horizontal. Thisprojects thehead and foot flanges vertically so vthat their inner faces 7 and 8 may.be engaged by the wheels 4 and 5. It has alreadyieen explained that therelation of these faces 7 and 8 must be constant as regards bothdistance and angle, and also that the joint relation of these :two facesand the surface 9 on the'head l() must be maintained constant, or, inother words, that the thickness of the head mustfnot vary. To securethese results, and in order to guard against any variation due to, thewearing away of the wheels, the latter are made adjustable to and ifromeach other, also in an arc having a large vertical component; and allthese adjustments are referred to certain fixed stops or guides whichydetermine a fixed plane in which the surface 9 must rest duringgrinding. These stops or guides are constructed as brackets 1l und 12,held in T-slotsl 13 and 14formed in lugs on the underside of the frameEach bracket is bifurcated as shown at 15, and carries a hardened steelroll 1G journaled on a pin 17. A further adjustment is provided which isnever changed during' the operation of the machine and is therefore notproperly classed with the others. This is the adjustment' of'the rolls16 toward and away from therail-support 2. It is of use when setting upthe machine for different shapesor sizes of rails, and for taking upwear on the rolls and pins. It is accomplished through the agency ofshouldered feed screws 13 and 19, whose shoulders 2O lie upon oppositesides of projecting abutments on the frame, and whose threaded stemsengage the brackets 11 and 12 to move them inthe IT-slots. For operativepurposes these brackets with their rolls may be referred to as the fixedguides, since they, with the support 2 determine the correct position ofeach rail as it is run through the machine.

llt will be observed that the grinding is accomplished by the faces ofthe wheels, which work against the surfaces 7 and 8 in oppositedirections. Edge grinding on the same wheels, and also grinding on theinner faces may be resorted to, but in grinding rails as shown the wearwill all be on the outer faces, z'. e.,those which lie away from eachother. To compensate for this wear feed screws 21 and 22 are provided,carried in overhanging brackets 23 and 24 and acting upon the wheelsthrough travelers 25 and 26; and in order to permit of the automaticcontrol of these feed screws in response to wear on the wheel, apeculiar construction of the latter is resorted to which lf will nowdescribe.

Fig. 1 shows the wheels edge on, the dotted lines indicating theirsectional ,formation, while Fig. 5 shows one wheel bracketl or frame 28removed, and the wheel with its face exposed. rThe body of the wheel isformed of abrasive material such as carborundum or the like, properlyshaped and with suitable fittings to secure it `to the spindle 29 or30,v As it would be impracticable to apply the automatic'calipersdirectly to the surface ofthis abrasive material, I provide inserts inthe shape of vannular bodies of anti-friction or lubricantmaterial at 31and 32. The best material for ployed, such as that obtainable byhydraulic means, with the attendant danger of fracturing the wheel. Iprefer, therefore, to employ a binder which under ordinary conditions oftemperature and pressure is a solid, and which can remain permanentlyincorporated with the graphite. Such a binder I have found in sulfur,which does not seem to aect the operation of the Vwheel or impair theefficiency of the graphite for '75 my purpose. This is first melted, andthe powdered graphite is stirred or ground into it in the lproportion oftwo parts by weight of graphite to one of sulfur. The wheel body is thenheated to a uniform tempera- 30 ture of` about 212O Fahrenheit, thepaste is poured or pressed into the grooves, and the whole allowed tocool. The two rings 31 and 32 thus formed present a smooth anti-frictionsurface for the calipers, sufiiciently hard for accurate dimensioning,while have found that the insert will wear away uniformly with thesurface of the abrasive material and will not deter the grinding by itslubricant qualities. i

The two Wheels 4 and 5 are uniform, although of course reversed as totheir mountings, and a description of one will therefore suffice forboth.

The bracket 28 is U-shaped, with spindle 95 bearings in the extremities33 and 34 of its arms or bifurcations, and a stem or trunnion 36 fittedto bearings 37 formed on the frame 3, and shouldered at 38 to preventend play. Each bracket may thus be turned in the bearings 37, in orderto change the angle of the wheel spindle 29 or 30 and therefore of theface of the'wheel, relatively to the frame 3. This angular motion islimited and the adjustment held by` means ofy a slotted arm 39 on theouter end of the trun-4 nion which is bolted at 40lto a lug 41 'on' thefra-Ine 3. The outer arm of the bracket 28 has an upstandingextension 35cast-upon it, both this andthe U-arms being flanged to secure rigidity,and the upper end of the arm 35 carrying .the overhang 24 and feed screw22, together with a solenoid 42 and ratchet mechanism actuated ytherebyfor turning the feed screw. For the purpose of setting up the machineand preliminary adjustment the screw 22 has a squared head 43 outsiderofthe arm 35.

The Solenoid and ratchet mechanism are best shown in Fig. 5. is fixedupon thefecd screw, and cooperating with it is a pawl 45 pivoted at 46on a rocker plate which turns on the stem of the screw, so the ,deviceis self-centering. The. plate 47 isv pivotally connected at 48 to theplunger 125 49 of the solenoid 42 (for which any desired type ofelectromagnet can be substituted) and the pawl is kept normallyretracted by means of a spring 50. When the 4solenoid is energized itscore or plunger is drawn in and The ratchet wheel 44 120 l the plate 47is turned to the left in Fig. 5. causing the pawl to turn the ratchetand with it the feed screw 22.

The traveleror nut 26 carries an arm 51 which extends down and engages acollar fixed on the grinding head or the spindle, preferablythe former.If the former, then the bushing of the head or wheel is splined y onthe'spindle, and if the' latter, the spindle must have end play in itsbearings. As the screw 22 turns, the nut :26 and arm 51 are shifted, thelatter carrying with it. the grinding head, which moves in the directionof its axis, or on lines normal to the surface 7 or 8, thus maintainingthe angle of the cut. constant, while compensating for wear. Theadjustment thus described could of course be brought about manually, butone of my principal objects is to make this automatic, and dependentupon as well as proportionate to the actual wear on the surface of thewheel. This object is attained by the use of .the automatic calipers,which willl now be described. The two spindles 29 and 80 are driven bybelts 52 and 53 taking over pulleys 54 and 55 secured upon the spindlesintermediate of the U-arms of the res ective brackets 27 and 28. For thesake o uniformity in grinding, both belts preferably derive theirpowerfrom the same countershaft, which is not shown but which may beeither above or to the rear of the machine.` One of the spindles, 30,carries a pulley 56 outside of its bearing, from which a belt 57 passesto the pulley 58 ofthe calipering mechanism. The latter is mounted on arearward extension 3a of the frame 3, and comprises the caliper levers63 and 64 periodically actuated by a double reciprocating slide bar 65,66, having an intermediate cam frame 67 and driven through a worm wheelfrom the spindle 68 and pulley 58. It should be noted that the drivingpulleys of the spindles 29 and 30 are preferably connected thereto witha universal motion, so that their axes will remain parallel to thecountershaft for all angular adjustments of the spindles, their centersat the same time remaining fixed, each in the axis prolonged of itstrunnion 36, so there is no variation in the tension of the belts. Asimilar eect may be produced by giving these pulleys ap roximatelyspherical surfaces, or curving tliemv on the centers. In order to avoidexcessive twisting of the belt 57, the driving spindle 68 of thecalipering device is permanently setl at an ang e so that its axis willbe parallel to the axis of the spindle 30, from which it is driven, whenthe latter spindle is in vits normalv or intermediate position,equidistant from both extremities of its angular path of travel. By thismeans the planes of the pulleys 56 and 58 diverge from' each other bvonly one-half the total angle of'adjustment of the spindle 30, throughits entire range.

' other parts removed.

The angular setting of the spindle 68 is well illustrated in Fig. 2which, as already stated, is a view looking in the direction of thearrow 2X in Fig. et.

The worm 6.) drives the wheel 70, which turns a short stub shaft 'Tljournaled on the frame 3a. This stub shaft in turn communicates motionthrough miter gears 72 to an upstanding shaft 73 carrying a cam Ti whichas it rotates impinges on one and then the other of the -cam projections7 T6 formed on opposite sides of the frame 6T, thus throwing the framealternately in opposite directions and carrying with it the slide bars-66 On the ends of these bars are collars 80 and 8l; secured by setscrews 82 and 83 and provided with depending iingers 84-85 (see Fig. 2),the lower ends of which engage between iianges on the collars 86 and 8Tfitted to slide upon the fixed bar 88, mounted below and parallel to thedouble bar 65 and-66. Thus, as the upper bar is reciprocated by thedouble or actuating cams, the collarsniove with it, and in so of thecaliper levers is best shown in Figs.

8 and t), which are detail views with the Each lever is in three parts,the body 91, the forwardly extending arm 92 and the rearwardly extendingcontact arm 64. The body is in the form of a sleeve sliding upon. bar88, and engaged by two coiled springs 95 and 96, the former restingagainst the collar 8T and the latter against an extension of the framecarrying the bearing for the shafts. These springs are normally adjustedso that thebody or sleeve will remain in an intermedia-te position withtheir caliper or feeler out of contact with the wheel, as shown in Fig.4. The lever 6-L is pivoted at 93M upon a rigid bracket projecting fromthe bearing portion of the frame. This pivot point is so located as toleave a long contact arm, and a relatively short actuating arm,connection of the latter with the body being effected by means of a.pivot 93h. Thus, as the body turned upon the pivot 93M. The arm 92carries feelers shown in the form of steel rollers 99, adapted to touchthe graphited rings in the face .of their wheel when thu caliper isactuated. These are carried upon a holder, rotatably adjustable in asocket piece 79, and locked when adjusted by means of a Set-screw 101.This sockel piece has a reciprocates on the bar 88, the lever 6l is inIJ vertical adjustment in the holder or yoke 92E, this being regulatedby the screws lG1 or (32. The springs 95 and 9&3 are of such relativestrengths, that 96 normally overcomes 95 and forces the body 91 to theleft in Figs. 8 and 9. When the collar 86 or 87 is moved however, itcompresses its associated spring 95 'putting sufficient tension thereonto overcome the spring 96, thereby pushing the body 91 along the bar 88,carrying the feelers or rollers 99 into contact with their wheel, and atthe same time turning the lever 93 on its pivot 93M. It will be observedthat while the movement is positive, the connections are alll resilient,so that no fine adjustments are required in these connections betweenthe cam frame, the sliding bars and the calipers. rlhe rollers 99 areheld When adjusted upon the arm 9:2 by means of locknuts 100, and ofcourse the rotation of this holder in its sleeve together with thevertical adjustment of thev sleeve or socket permits the adaptation ofthe rollers to any position of the wheel 4.. or 5. Electrical connectionis ell'ected with each caliper lever by means of a binding post 97, andthe terminal contacts '89. and 9() are associated with insulated fixedterminals 98. These terminals 97 and 98 are connected in a circuit whichincludes a suitable source of current and the windings of the solenoid42. Upon the closure of the contacts by either caliper, its solenoidwill become energized, and will thereupon advance its Wheel in themanner hereinbefore described.

It will be noted that the stub shaft 73 is not exactly vertical but isperpendicular to the spindle 68. .1t will appear from Fig. 2 that thecam surfaces are correspondingly i11- rlined, bringing the points ofimpact of the ram Hon the teeth 75 and 76 to the upper part of one andthe lower part of the other, the frame 67 being broad enough to permitthis.

It is thought the operation of the machine will be suticiently apparentfrom the description without any detailed statement thereof. As a briefrecapitulation however, it may be stated that when a rail is to beground, the machine is first set up with all the parts adjustedsubstantially as shown in the accompanying drawings. The rail `is thenintroduced, and the main feed mechanism with its stops set so as toproduce the length of cut desired. rihe wheels 4 and 5 being rotatedthrough to driving pulleys,. produce cuts of the predetermined drop, andat the predetermined angles in the head and foot iianges. rllhecalipers. are periodically brought into action in the manner heretoforepointed out, and as long as the wheel surfaces are not worn to a greaterextent than the maximum variation permitted and predetermined in thework, the feed is not adected. As soon'as the wheel surfaces wearhowever,

to an amount exceeding the predetermined limit` caf-h caliper will closeits contacts 89 or 9U, energi'fzing its respective solenoid, and steparound its feed' screw 21 oi-QQ. so as to move the wheel and its sleeveor bushing upon the spindle and compensate for the wear. lIn thismanner, and by properly constructing and adjusting the calipers, the cuton a rail or any other surface produced in this machine can be keptwithin a percentage variation so small as to be p 'actie-allynegligible.

vWhen the machine is to be used for other work than railway rails, thesupport 2, the guides or stops, and other parts, will be altered oradjusted accordingly. The wheels 4 and 5 may be reversed in their actionso as to grind on their inner instead of their outer faces; and thus itis possible to pass an object between the two wheels, and grind both itsoutside faces simultaneously, each at a different angle if so desired.In addition to thus varying the uses of this speciiic machine, the wheelparts and driving mechanism may be changed, remodeled or redesigned forany desired class of work, and this without departing from my inventionif the main principle is still employed, which is to maintain a constantcut by causing the cutting surface to ali'ect mechanism which willautomatically and continuously compensate for wear. Obviously, thisprinciple may be embodied in machines employing edge cutting instead offace cutting wheels, or in metal working machines employing steelcutting tools instead of abrasives. ll such variations are contemplatedby me, and are to be considered as well within the scope of the appendedclaims.

Having thus described my invention what l claim and desire to secure byLetters Patent isl. A metal surfacing machine comprising a work support,a tool support, means for producing relative feed between the work andthe tool, means for maintaining adjustnient of the tool with respect tothe work, and means for determining such adjustment consisting of` acalipering device engaging the tool and not the work, during the cut.

,A metal working machine comprising a work support, a tool support andtool, means for producing relative feed between theffwork and the tooland means for automatically producing relative adjustment between thetool and work, as determined by l and proportionate tothe wear on thetool,

during the cut.

3. 1n a metal working machine, a .work support, a tool support and tool,means for producingrelative feed between the work and the tool and meansfor producing a uniform and unvarying cut on the work, comprising acalipering device fixed with respect to the work and engaging the tool,together with a relative adjustment between the tool and work controlledby said calipering device, during the cut.

4. A grinding machine comprising a bed, awork support thereon adaptedfor sliding feed of the work, a superposed frame carrying a guide forthe work, and adjustable grinding means mounted on said frame.

5. A grinding machine comprising a bed, a work support thereon, asuperposed frame, guide rolls carried on said frame to maintain the workin proper alinement, a bracket pivotally mounted on the frame forangular adjustment of the cutting surface, journal bearings on saidbracket, a spindle journaled therein, a grinding head mounted on said`shaft, and means for locking the bracket to the frame when' angularlyadjusted.

6. A grinding machine comprising a bed, a work support thereon, asuperposed frame supported above the bed. and work support, a pair ofguide rolls carried upon the lower side of said frame and extending intoproximity to the work support so as to engage and guide the Work, meansfor producing relative` feed between the work and the frame, andgrinding means mounted on the frame.

7. A grinding machine comprising a bed, a Work support thereon, asuperposed frame supported above the bed and work support, a pair ofguide rolls carried upon the lower side of said-frame and extending intoproximity to the Work support so as to engage and guide the work, meansfor producing relative feed between the work and the frame, and grindingmeans on the frame, together with means for adjusting said grindingmeans. with respect to the guide rolls.

8. A grinding machine comprising a bed, a work support thereon, asuperposed frame supported above the bed and work support, a pair ofadjustable guide rolls carried upon the lower side of said frame andextending into proximity to the work supportso as toV engage and guidethe work, .means for producing relative feed between ,the work and theframe, and grinding means mounted on the frame, together with means foradjusting said grinding means with respect to the guide rolls.

9. A grinding machine comprising a bed, a work support thereon, asuperposed frame supported above the bed and work support, a pair ofguide rolls carried upon the lower side of said frame and extending intoproximity to the work support so as to Vengage and guide the Work, meansfor producing relative feed between the work and the frame, and grindingmeans mounted on the frame, together with means for changing the angleof the grinding means with respect to the work.

l0. A grinding machine comprising a bed, a work support thereon, asuperposed frame supported above the bed and work support, a pair ofguide rolls carried upon the lower side of said frame and extending intoproximity to the work support so as to engage and guide the work, meansfor producing relative feed between the work and the frame, andgrindingl means mounted on the frame, together with means for laterallyYfeeding and for changing the angle of the grinding means with respect tothe work.

ll. A grinding machine comprising a bed,

a work support thereon, a superposed frame supported above the bed andwork support, a pair of guide rolls carried upon the lower side of saidframe and extending into proximity to the work support so as to engageand guide the work, means for producing relative feed between the workand the frame, and grinding means mounted on the. frame. together withautomatic means controlled by variations in the grinding means foradjusting the same with respect to the work.

12. A 'grinding machine comprising a bed, a work support thereon, asuperposed framel supported above the bed and work support, a pair ofguide rolls carried upon the lower side of said frame and extending intoproximity to the work support so as to engage and guide the work, meansfor producing relative feed between the work and the frame, and grindingmeans mounted on the frame, together with an automatic caliperl engagingthe grinding means, and mechanism responsive thereto for feeding thesaid grinding means.

18. A grinding machine comprising a bed, 4

a work support thereon, aI superposed frame supported above the bed andwork support, a pair of guide. rolls carried upon the lower side ofsaidfframe and extending into proximity to the work support so as toengage and guide the work, meansforproducing relative feed between thework and the frame, and grinding means mounted on the frame, togetherwith an automatic caliper engaging the grinding means, andelectromagnetic means controlled thereby for adjusting the grindingmeans with respect to the Work.

.14. A grinding machine comprising the following instrumentalities: awork support, a tool support,v mechanism for producing relativelongitudinal feed thereof and inechanism carried on the tool supportoperative during the cut. to produce relative lateral feed to compensatecontinuously for wear on the tool.

15. A grinding machine comprising the following instriunentalities: awork support, a tool support, mechanism for producing relativelongitudinal feedthereof, and independent mechanism operative during thecut to produce relative lateral feed to compensate continuously for wearon thetool.

1G. A grinding machine comprising the oppositely of its spindle withvrespect to the work a`nd;

thereby compensating for said'wear.

18. A grinding machine comprising the following instrumentalities a worksupport, a tool support, mechanism for producing relative longitudinalfeed thereof, :1U-transverse spindle mounted on the tool support, agrinding wheelfon said spindle, and mechanisni acting continuouslyduring each cut for maintaining the cuttingsurfac'e of the grindingwheel constantly on the desired line of cut in the Work, irrespective ofwear.

19. A grinding machine comprising the following instrumentalities: `awork support, .a tool support, mechanism for producing relativelongitudinal feedthereof, atransverse s indle mounted on the toolsupport,-

a grin mechanism acting during the rogress of each cut tomaintaintheline -o cut of the wheel and the desired line of cut in the work inconstant coincidence.

20. A grinding machine comprising the following instrumentalities: awork support, a tool relative longitudinal feed thereoffafdrivensupport, mechanism for producing spindle transversely mounted.onftliftool support, a grinding wheel thereon, andan automatic caliperbearing on the cutting surface of said grinding wheel, with transversefeed mechanism for the spindle controlled by said caliper. 21. A

grinding machine comprising the following instrumentalities: a worksupport, a tool support, mechanismfor producing relative longitudinalfeed thereof, a pair of disposed driven spindles mounted on the toolsupport, a grinding wheel on each spindle, and mechanism acting during`each cut to produce com ensating lateral feed of the grinding whee swith respect to the work, and to each other.

22. A grinding machine comprising the following instrumentalities: awork su port, a tool support, mechanism for prodiicing relativelongitudinal feed thereof, a pair of oppositely disposed driven spindlesmounted -on the tool support, a grinding wheel on each spindle, andmechanism controlled in producing lrevlative lon itudinal feed thereof,ap v "'oppositely' disposed driven spindles mounted ing wheel thereon,and automatic i thewear of the grinding wheels for producing lateralfeed thereof withrespect to the Work.

following instrumentalities: a work Support, a tool support, mechanismfor producing relative longitudinal feed on the toolj'support, agrindingwheel on each spindle,` and :mechanism forfmaintainthereof, a pair of.oppositely disposed driven spindles mounted 23. grinding machinevcomprising the ing' the 4cutting 'surfaces fof the grinding;

wheels in a` constant 'position with respect to the workandto eachother.

24. grinding vmachine comprising the i following instrumentalities:awork support,

a tool support, mechanism for producing relative longitudinal feedthereof, a pair of oppositel'y disposed driven spindles mounted on theVtool support, a grinding wheel on each spindle, and automatic.mechanism adapted to maintain lthe lines of .cut of the grinding wheelsconstant.

25. A grinding machinetcomprising the I following instrumentalities: awork su port, a tool rsupport,"mechanism for prociii'cing air of on thetoolsuppo'rt, a grinding wheel on each spindle, and a pair of automaticcalipers in Contact with the cutting surfacesyof the grinding wheelswith feed mechanism therefor controlled by said calipers.

26. A grinding machine comprising the following instrumentalities: awork support,

' a tool support, a grinding Wheel mounted 'on the tool support, .meansfor driving the same, and means controlled from the surface of the wheelacting during the cut to conipensate forwear thereof.

27..A grinding machine comprising the follpwin g instrumentalities: awork support,

a"toiil sup ort, a grinding wheeljournaled on the too of, and anautomatic caliper bearing on the surface of said wheel during. the cutand controlling said mechanism.

28. -A grinding machine comprising the following instrumentalities: awork support,

a tool support, a grinding wheel journaled on the tool support, saidlantifriction material and .the rest of the vsurface of labrasivematerial, and automatic calipering mechanism' engaging said antiffriction material, together with. feed mechsupport, mechanism foradjust-'v A'ing said wheel to compensate for wear't-hereanism for thewheel 'controlled by .said calij pering mechanism.` v

29. A machine for grinding railway rails I Y comprising the followinginstrumentalities: a horizontal bed having a longitudinal screw feed andcarrying a rail support, a transverse bridge over the bed havingahorizon' tal frame attached thereto, a U-shaped. bracket with a stemlocked in bearingson iis l wheel having a f v portion of its workingsurface composed of f the frame with its axis arallel tothe main feed, aspindle journa ed vin said bracket with its axis at right angles to theanis of the bracket stem and bearing, a grinding wheel-on the end ofsaid spindle, and a driving pulley `on the same intermediate the arms ofthe bracket. y.

30. A machine forgrinding railway rails comprising the followinginstrumentalities: a horizontal bed plate having a lon itudinal feed andcarrying a rail support on 1ts upper surface, adapted to receive and'hold a railway rail upon its side, with its head and foot flangesupstanding, a transverse bridge across the bed carrying a horizontalframe overlying the rail support, a guide on the under side of saidframe engaging the top or rolling surface ofthe head of the rail, and agrinding wheel journaled ,on said frame and having its cutting surfaceadjusted relatively to said guide 'so as to maintain constant thethickness of the rail head.

31. A grinding .machinefor railway rails comprising the followinginstrumentalities:

a horizontal bed plate having a longitudinal feed andl carrying a railsupport on its upper surface, adapted to receive and hold a railway railupon its side, with its head andfoot .flanges upstanding, a transversebridge across the bed carryinga horizontal frame overlying the railsupport, a guide on the under side of said frame enga 'ing the top orrolling surface ofthe head o the rail, and agrindingwheel journaled atan angle on said frame, with means foradjusting its cut ting surfaceboth as toangle and l1ne feed,

` 'with respect tosaid'gnidefwhereby the thicka rall support, aguideadapted to engage-the on the screw shaft, a

rail, a pair ofgrinding wheels carried on driven spindles j ournaledtransversely to the length of the rail, said wheels adapted to engagethe inside faces of the head and foot p flanges of the rail, and meansfor maintaining a constant and'xed relation between the cutting faces ofthe two wheels and thea gulde.

34. In a machine' for grinding rallway rails, a rail support, a wheeframe, a spindle journaled on said frame, a grinding wheel on saidspindle, and feed mechanism therefor comprising a screw shaft paralleltothe spindle, a threaded traveler thereon having l an arm engaging t hespindle, a ratchet wheel 4on the, screw shaft, a pawl engaging Y thesame, and electromagnetic means for ac: tuating said pawl and therebyturning the shaft.

35. In a machine for grinding railway;

rails, a rail support, a wheel frame, a spindle journaled on said frame,agrinding wheel on said spindle, and feed mechanismtherespindle, athreaded traveler t' ereon having 'iol for comprising a screwfshaftarallel to the an arm engaging the spindle, a ratchet wheel pawlengaging the same, and electromagnetic means for actuating saidpawl andthereby turning the shaft, said electromagnetic means being controlledthrough intermediate-- electricalcircuits by the wear on the grindingwheel, and acting to compensate so as to maintain the 'same alwaysconstant. f r n 36. In an automatic grinding machine,a

Work support, a grinding wheel havin 'a feed motion to .compensate forwear, eed f mechanism for the wheel, and an automatic calipering devicecomprising a slidingbody carrying a feeler' adapted to engage the wheeldurin the cut and a pivoted lever adapted to e swung bysaid body in itsmovement.

In testimony Awhereof Iv aiix my', signature in presence of twowitnesses.

Witnesses:

BENJ. Stro'rr, LANsronDE. KNAPP.,

HENRY B; NICHOLS.A j

